Regional Variability in Occurrence and Distribution of Polymetallic Nodules in the Central Indian Basin     

Anil B. Valsangkar 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2016,34(6):542-549

Regional scale morphological studies on different-sized polymetallic nodules from the Central Indian Basin show that only 2–5 cm sized nodules have highest occurrence per station (92–94% along latitudes; 88–94% along longitudes). A nodule size shows an inverse relationship with the nodule distribution, grade, and abundance. Interestingly, only 3–4 and 4–5 cm sized nodules have highest grade, abundance, and distribution percentages along longitudes in P₁, first generation mine site and relinquished area, which further implies that the nodule mining along the longitude would be beneficial. Different-sized nodule groups suggest their formation under variable environmental conditions that existed in the Central Indian Basin. The coexistence of different-sized nodules suggests different environmental conditions existed in the Central Indian Basin.  相似文献   

典型矿区尾矿库特征污染物识别研究          下载免费PDF全文

任鸿飞  杨家林  马彤真 《探矿工程》2018,45(10):115-118

通过对典型尾矿库土壤样品分析,利用重金属超标率、植物体BCF、污染因子的权重值筛选等通进行典型污染物识别,为开展尾矿库污染治理工作提供依据。  相似文献   

小秦岭太峪水系沉积物重金属污染生态危害评价     

张江华  王葵颖  徐友宁  吴耀国  陈华清 《地质通报》2018,37(12):2224-2232

以金矿开发影响的黄河二级支流太峪水系沉积物为研究对象,沿河采集16个表层沉积物样品,分层采集垂向剖面10件水库沉积物样品,测定了样品中重金属元素Hg、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Cu和Zn的含量,采用Hakanson潜在生态指数法和Tomlinson污染负荷指数法评价重金属元素污染程度和潜在生态风险。结果表明,矿业活动是太峪水系沉积物重金属元素污染的主要因素;变异系数、富集系数和最高污染系数均反映Hg、Pb、Cd是太峪水系沉积物的特征污染重金属元素,Cr和As的质量分数接近地区背景值;太峪水系表层沉积物受到重金属元素的极强污染,山区段污染较山外更严重;整个流域的Hg、Pb、Cd具有很强的潜在生态危害,Cr、As、Zn的潜在生态危害轻微;太峪水系沉积物垂向各层沉积物都受到重金属元素的极强污染,生态问题以Hg、Pb、Cd的潜在生态危害为主,其污染和生态危害程度都高于流向上的沉积物。潜在生态危害指数评价突出了不同元素的毒性和危害程度,而污染负荷指数法侧重于样本空间上的污染程度,二者互补使用有利于实际问题的全面评价。  相似文献   

The source of sulfur in sulfide deposits in the Siberian Platform traps (from isotope data)     

V.V. Ryabov  O.N. Simonov  S.G. Snisar  A.A. Borovikov 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(8):945-961

The source of sulfur in giant Norilsk-type sulfide deposits is discussed. A review of the state of the problem and a critical analysis of existing hypotheses are made. The distribution of δ³⁴S in sulfides of ore occurrences and small and large deposits and in normal sedimentary, metamorphogenic, and hypogene sulfates is considered. A large number of new δ³⁴S data for sulfides and sulfates in various deposits, volcanic and terrigenous rocks, coals, graphites, and metasomatites are presented. The main attention is focused on the objects of the Norilsk and Kureika ore districts. The δ³⁴S value varies from -14 to + 22.5‰ in sulfides of rocks and ores and from 15.3 to 33‰ in anhydrites. In sulfide-sulfate intergrowths and assemblages, δ³⁴S is within 4.2-14.6‰ in sulfides and within 15.3-21.3‰ in anhydrites. The most isotopically heavy sulfur was found in pyrrhotite veins in basalts (δ³⁴S = 21.6‰), in sulfate veins cutting dolomites (δ³⁴S = 33‰), and in subsidence caldera sulfates in basalts (δ³⁴S = 23.2-25.2‰). Sulfide ores of the Tsentral’naya Shilki intrusion have a heavy sulfur isotope composition (δ³⁴S = + 17.7‰ (n = 15)). Thermobarogeochemical studies of anhydrites have revealed inclusions of different types with homogenization temperatures ranging from 685 °C to 80 °C. Metamorphogenic and hypogene anhydrites are associated with a carbonaceous substance, and hypogene anhydrites have inclusions of chloride-containing salt melts. We assume that sulfur in the trap sulfide deposits was introduced with sulfates of sedimentary rocks (δ³⁴S = 22-24‰). No assimilation of sulfates by basaltic melt took place. The sedimentary anhydrites were “steamed” by hydrocarbons, which led to sulfate reduction and δ³⁴S fractionation. As a result, isotopically light sulfur accumulated in sulfides and hydrogen sulfide, isotopically heavy sulfur was removed by aqueous calcium sulfate solution, and “residual” metamorphogenic anhydrite acquired a lighter sulfur isotope composition as compared with the sedimentary one. The wide variations in δ³⁴S in sulfides and sulfates are due to changes in the physicochemical parameters of the ore-forming system (first of all, temperature and P_ch4) during the sulfate reduction. The regional hydrocarbon resources were sufficient for large-scale ore formation.  相似文献   

Hydrochemical characterization of groundwater in Balad district,Salah Al-Din Governorate,Iraq          下载免费PDF全文

Alhassan H Ismail  Muntasir A Shareef  Wesam Mahmood 《地下水科学与工程》2018,6(4):306-322

The assessment of hydrochemical quality of groundwater is very important to explore its nature and usefulness. In this paper, groundwater quality evaluation is carried out in the Balad district, Salah Al-Din Governorate, Iraq. A total of 28 groundwater samples are collected from shallow tube wells and analyzed for various physicochemical parameters. Groundwater suitability for drinking is evaluated based on the World Health Organization (WHO) and Iraqi standards, and suitability of groundwater for irrigation is assessed based on various hydrochemical parameters. The results reveal that the dominant types of groundwater based on piper diagram are mixed CaMgCl and CaCl. Gibbs ratio indicates that the groundwater in the studied area is affected by the evaporation process. The cation-anion exchange reaction in the studied area demonstrates that 54% of the groundwater samples indicate a direct base (cation-anion) exchange reaction, while 46% of the groundwater samples indicating the chloro-alkaline disequilibrium. Furthermore, generally all of the groundwater samples are unsuitable for drinking and irrigation. Cluster analysis reveals two different groups of similarities between the groundwater samples, reflecting different pollution levels in the studied area.  相似文献   

西藏多龙矿区生态环境遥感调查研究     

王俊华 《地质与勘探》2018,54(4):781-790

本文依托项目《西藏多龙矿床技术经济与环境综合评价》,利用高分二号、资源三号及landsat8等多源遥感数据对西藏多龙矿区生态地质环境进行调查研究。通过遥感技术与实地调查结合,查明了矿区生态地质环境现状,取得了涵盖人类活动、矿山地质活动、河流湖泊现状、植被覆盖与荒漠化情况等内容的专题成果。研究结果表明,砂金矿开采及尾矿堆积物给当地生态环境造成不可逆破坏,同时探槽、钻孔及地表金属污染等也给生态环境带来一定程度的影响。通过对目前中国矿储量第一的多龙铜多金属矿床进行开发前全面、综合的生态地质环境调查研究,能够为藏北矿山开发对生态地质环境的影响评估提供科学依据,为西藏多龙矿区建设绿色矿山和绿色开发提供建议及决策依据。  相似文献   

大数据环境下内蒙古浩布高地区铅锌多金属矿智能矿产预测研究          下载免费PDF全文

季 斌周涛发  张达玉李晓晖 袁 峰 《地质科学》2018,(4):1347-1360

传统机器学习算法已广泛应用于矿产预测,但面对地质大数据的高维稀疏、不平衡小样本等特性仍缺乏有效处理和分析的方法,设计适合地质大数据特点的机器学习算法是智能矿产预测亟需解决的新问题。本文以内蒙古浩布高地区的铅锌多金属矿产预测为例,提出了一种面向地质大数据的半监督协同训练矿产预测模型。首先对研究区地质找矿信息和地球化学异常信息进行定量分析,提取断裂构造、二叠系地层、燕山期侵入岩、地层与岩体接触带、围岩蚀变及Pb、Zn、Sn、Cu地球化学异常共9种找矿因子。然后利用递归特征消除法优选找矿因子组合,不包括Sn异常在内的8个找矿因子组合被选为最优组合。最后,利用支持向量机和随机森林算法作为基分类器进行半监督协同训练矿产预测,绘制成矿概率分布图。ROC曲线和预测度曲线分析结果表明,半监督协同训练模型的AUC值和预测效率都高于随机森林和支持向量机模型。研究结果也为大数据环境下的智能矿产预测提供了一种新的思路。  相似文献   

西藏双湖地区南措铜金矿区花岗闪长岩锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及成因     

王启  孙丰月  王琳琳  王力  张志颖 《世界地质》2018,37(2):399-408

对南措铜金矿区与成矿相关的黑云母花岗闪长岩体进行了岩相学、锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学等方面的研究。结果表明:该岩体年龄为153.40±0.67 Ma,属晚侏罗世。岩石为准铝质-过铝质岩石,属钙碱性系列。LaN/YbN=9.31~12.65,轻重稀土元素分馏明显,δEu=1.21~1.66,Eu表现为正异常;样品微量元素表现为相对富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)K、与高场强元素(HFSE)Sr、Zr,而亏损高场强元素(HFSE)U、Nb、Ce、Nd、P的特征。岩体具有I型花岗岩特征。样品Zr/Hf值为42.23~45.82,平均值为44.2;Rb/Sr比值为0.07~0.19,平均值为0.13;Nd/Th值为1.65~2.18,平均为1.99,具壳源岩浆的特征,并有地幔物质混入。样品的Mg#值为49.80~57.22,Sr值为443.3~874.9,Yb值为0.80~1.39,Y值为8.96~16.60,Na2O/K2O2(2.18~2.97),为洋壳型埃达克岩,并在上升过程中可能有少量地幔楔物质混入。结合前人研究成果认为,该花岗闪长岩形成于晚侏罗世班公湖—怒江洋盆向北俯冲的火山弧环境。  相似文献   

不同方法评价喀斯特煤矿区农田土壤重金属生态风险比较     

刘品祯  贾亚琪  程志飞  杨珍  杜启露  吴迪 《中国岩溶》2018,37(3):371-378

采用TCLP法、内梅罗综合污染指数、嵌入Igeo综合污染指数法等方法对贵州织金县某煤矿区周边农田土壤重金属进行评价。土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Hg和Zn的含量范围分别为0.79～2.08 mg·kg-1、144.20～464.40 mg·kg-1、91.63～187.50 mg·kg-1、48.13～104.47 mg·kg-1、0.14～2.33 mg·kg-1、144.35～265.89 mg·kg-1,所有土壤样点的Cd、Cr、Cu和Ni含量均已超过国家土壤环境质量二级标准,部分土壤样点的Hg和Zn含量超过二级标准。TCLP法评价结果所有土壤样点均未受到重金属污染;内梅罗综合污染指数法评价结果为农田土壤重金属生态风险处于安全水平;嵌入Igeo综合污染指数法评价结果表明,90%的土壤达到中度污染以上,其中65%的土壤处于中度污染,25%的土壤受到中度至重度污染;潜在生态危害指数法评价表明,所有土壤样点重金属均处于轻微生态风险水平。针对不同评价方法得出的结果存在差异的情况,在评价土壤重金属污染状况时,应根据评价目标的差异选择合适的评价方法。   相似文献   

华北克拉通东缘金岭杂岩体岩浆源区及构造背景:来自岩相学、岩石地球化学及年代学的证据          下载免费PDF全文

高继雷周永刚  张振飞高明波赵体群  田振环朱振宏 《地质科学》2021,56(1):253-271

金岭杂岩体由细粒黑云角闪闪长岩、中细粒黑云角闪闪长岩、中细粒黑云角闪二长闪长岩和细粒角闪二长闪长岩组成,是鲁西地区典型矽卡岩型富铁矿(金岭铁矿)控矿岩体。本次研究对细粒黑云角闪闪长岩和细粒角闪二长闪长岩进行了锆石LA‐ICP‐MS U‐Pb定年,其结果分别为129.2±3.2 Ma和132.8±1.2 Ma,表明该杂岩体的侵位时代为早白垩世。样品SiO2、K2O和Na2O含量分别介于54.17%~63.73%、1.92%~4.76%和3.10%~5.41%之间,K2O/Na2O为0.58~0.94,A/CNK为0.60~0.93,具有轻稀土富集,重稀土亏损的右倾型稀土配分模式,轻、重稀土分馏程度中等((La/Yb)N=9.94~23.49),Eu异常不明显(δEu=0.84~1.10),具中—弱负Ce异常(δCe=0.56~0.92)。样品以富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、K、U、Pb等)、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)以及高Sr/Y为特征。金岭杂岩体为燕山晚期岩浆活动产物,属准铝质高钾钙碱性系列,岩浆主要来源于富集岩石圈地幔的部分熔融,并在岩浆上升侵位的过程中有地壳物质的同化混染。燕山晚期华北克拉通在古太平洋板块俯冲后后撤引起的板内伸展环境下,增厚陆壳减薄阶段,岩浆上侵就位形成金岭杂岩体。  相似文献